davenport+david


 * KWL Assignment**
 * My Research Paper Topic: Elementary School Recess**

|| **__ What I WANT to Know __** || **__ What I LEARNED __** || || What are the justifications for the cutback and elimination of recess? || The most prevalent reason for the lack of recess appears to be the NCLB law and the pressures created by the mandates, although some municipalities and states are just trying to save money. || || What, if any, is the correlation between behavior and the lack of a social and physical outlet such as recess? || There are many U.S. studies and in other countries such as the U.K. and Canada that have reviewed the correlation and, with the exception of those whom have decided to restrict recess, there is much evidence that suggests that the lack of recess equates to many more problems than were considered. || || **There is no actual justification to hold recess hostage as a punishment or penalty in any school system. ** || What, if any, is the relationship between the current childhood obesity epidemic and the cutting of recess in elementary schools? Has research shown any relationship between academic performance and decreased recess time?
 * **__What I KNOW__**
 * Recess has been severely curtailed (and cut out completely) in elementary school's curriculum in the past 10-20 years.
 * Behavior problems appear to be an increasing problem throughout the school systems in the nation.
 * Recess is considered a reward for good conduct and taken away as a penalty for unacceptable behavior. || How does any educational system justify holding recess hostage as a penalty or negative deterrent to problems, behavior or other, within their particular school system?

__Purpose Statement:__ __Thesis Statement:__
 * Purpose and Thesis Statement Assignment**
 * The purpose of this research paper is to explore recent data concerning the lack, or complete absence, of recess in our elementary school systems and the potential i****mpact on behaviors.**
 * One course of current educational policy, as we know it, has been the retarding or complete elimination of recess in our elementary schools. Emerging research indicates that the behavior of the students is being influenced, negatively, as a resultant residual.**

References Crary, D. (2008, November 30). Early-childhood experts urge a return to playtime. //Los Angeles Times,//p. A.22. Retrieved January 13, 2011, from put publisher URL here and not just the name of the newspaper .Los Angeles Times. (Document ID: 1603817881). Evenson, K. R., Ballard, K., Lee, G., & Ammerman, A. (2009). Implementation of a School-Based State Policy to Increase Physical Activity. //Journal of School Health//, 79(5), 231-238. Retrieved from [] Note: delete the "Retrieved from" before the doi. You only use that phrasing when there is a publisher URL instead of the doi. Also, journal article titles only have the first word, a word after a colon and any proper nouns capitalized. You need to fix that in several references. Henley, J., McBride, J., Milligan, J., & Nichols, J. (2007). Robbing Elementary Students of Their Childhood: The Perils of No Child Left Behind. //Education//, 128(1), 56-63. Retrieved from http://www.projectinnovation.biz/education.html Jarrett, O., & Waite-Stupiansky, S. (2009). Recess--It's Indispensable!. //Young Children//, 64(5), 66-69. Retrieved from http://www.naeyc.org/yc/pastissues/2009/september Marchant, M. R., Solano, B. R., Fisher, A. K., Caldarella, P., Young, K., & Renshaw, T. L. (2007). Modifying Socially Withdrawn Behavior: A Playground Intervention for Students with Internalizing Behaviors. //Psychology in the Schools//, 44(8), 779-794. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pits.20265 Pellegrini, A. D., & Bohn, C. M. (2005). The Role of Recess in Children's Cognitive Performance and School Adjustment. //Educational Researcher//, 34(1), 13-19. Retrieved from http://www.aera.net/publications/?id=616 Zygmunt-Fillwalk, E., & Bilello, T. (2005). Parents' Victory in Reclaiming Recess for Their Children. //Childhood Education//, 82(1), 19. Retrieved from http://www.acei.org
 * Annotated Bibliography/Reference List**


 * Paper Outline/Research Paper Draft**